How a Swimming Pool Works

Understanding how your pool system works will enable you to troubleshoot potential problems more easily and build a foundation for learning about each piece of equipment, such as the pump, filter, or heater. This guide will explain the entire swimming pool plumbing and filtration system, complete with diagrams.

How Do Swimming Pool Systems Work?

Pool water moves in a continuous cycle driven by the pump. Equipped with an electric motor, the pump has an impeller that drives water through the skimmers (at the top of the pool) and the sumps (at the bottom), directing it to the filter. The clean, filtered water is then piped through the return nozzles (a series of small valves placed around the pool).

Diagram of a swimming pools inner workings.

Key Components of a Swimming Pool System

Pre-filter

To prevent the pump from becoming clogged, the water first passes through a basket-like pre-filter made of plastic. This catches leaves and other debris large enough to block the system or damage the pump.

Pump

The pump is the heart of the pool system, moving water through the entire cycle. It ensures that water circulates through the filter and returns to the pool.

Filtration system

From the pump, the water reaches the filtration system, where most small particles of dirt are removed. The water passes through a filter bed of fine sand or glass particles. These particles trap even very fine dirt, allowing only sparkling clean water to re-enter the pool through the outlet pipe. Over time, the filter bed will accumulate dirt and need replacing every one or two years.

The filtration system removes debris that bacteria and algae feed on. This process is paired with sanitisation—the other core function of your pool system—to keep your pool clean and attractive. Sanitisation directly destroys the bacteria and algae that enter your pool.

Chlorinator

An automatic and cost-effective sanitiser is to install a chlorinator, as shown in the diagram. Chlorinators continuously measure and dose the correct amount of chlorine into your pool, keeping it safe, healthy, and looking fantastic.

By understanding and maintaining each component of your pool system, you can ensure a clean, safe, and enjoyable swimming environment.

Bottom Line

Knowing how your swimming pool plumbing and filtration system work is essential for troubleshooting issues or understanding your pool better. These diagrams help you visualise the entire process and ensure your pool remains in top condition.